by Dr. Anviksha Pachori
Abstract: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into weapon systems exposes serious accountability gaps in existing international legal frameworks. Article 36 of Additional Protocol I requires states to review new weapons for compliance with international humanitarian law, yet vague definitions and rapid AI integration blur their scope and weaken consistency. Doctrinal analysis reveals uneven state practice and limits standardized review processes amid growing autonomy and adaptability in weapons. The Arms Trade Treaty offers parallel safeguards but struggles with dual-use technologies and classification disputes. The Martens Clause provides interpretive guidance, yet gaps persist, underscoring the urgent need for clearer, adaptive frameworks governing AI-driven warfare
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Weapons, Military, Technology, International Law
