Articles

On the Digitization of Distinctive Emblems in International Humanitarian Law

by Lei Zhang and Hui Chen

Abstract: Currently, medical institutions and humanitarian organizations (MIHO) face severe digital threats in both peacetime and armed conflicts. To strengthen the identification and protection of MIHO’s digital assets, data, and services, the...

After the Algorithmic Battlefield: Artificial Intelligence in Post-Conflict Asia-Pacific Societies and the Fragmentation of International Humanitarian Protection

by Mx. Nandana Rajesh and Dr. Aneesh V. Pillai

Abstract: Armed conflicts increasingly leave behind algorithmic legacies, as artificial intelligence systems deployed during hostilities persist into post-conflict governance, reconstruction, and security practices. This article takes a close look...

International Humanitarian Law in the Asia-Pacific: History, State Practice, and Contemporary Challenges

by Dr. Bhavana Chandran, and Dr. Udaya Simha

Abstract: IHL scholarship has progressively moved beyond Eurocentric narratives into the analysis of regional contributions and practices. This article builds on such scholarship by outlining history and evolution of...

Environmental Obligations of Outer Space in Armed Conflicts: The Source, Interpretation and Compliance

by Xinyi PAN and Xidi CHEN

Abstract: Outer space’s environment is fragile and difficult to restore. The academia should conduct a comprehensive review of the environmental protection obligations of belligerents during armed conflicts in this domain. Although outer...

India’s Regulatory and Ethical Stance on Autonomous Weapon Systems

by Anviksha Pachori and Abhishek Bhati

Abstract: India has progressively integrated emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous weapon systems (AWS), and robotics into its military modernization agenda. Given India’s security needs and cross-border infiltration, a substantial number...

Guarantees of Non-Repetition as Reparations: Exploring a Developing Modality in the Context of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

by Nathanael Thomas

Abstract: This article examines Guarantees of Non-Repetition (GNR) as a form of reparation at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), the first international criminal tribunal to issue a reparations order and endorse...

The Polymorphic Environmental Impact of the USSR and US Wars on Afghanistan: A Forgotten Prism of International Law

by Sayed Qudrat Hashimy and Jackson Simango Magoge

Abstract: The wars in Afghanistan, first by the USSR (1979-1989) and later by the US (2001-2021), have left indelible marks on the country’s environment. These armed conflicts...

Preliminary Pages

Of Divine Wars: A Comparison of Hindu Teachings with International Humanitarian Law and Jus Ad Bellum

by Wamika Sachdev

Abstract: IHL studies have benefited greatly by drawing parallels with the rules of war in different religions. This article expands this scholarship by further considering the ideas of morality and humanity through...

Modern Interpretations of International Humanitarian Law’s Martens Clause: Opening the Door to Strategies to Better Protect the Environment and Indigenous Peoples During Armed Conflict

by Shontelle Grimberg International humanitarian law falls short in protecting the environment and vulnerable persons, namely Indigenous Peoples, during armed conflicts under the Geneva Conventions. Indigenous Peoples disproportionately experience the impacts given their connection to ancestral lands including in Myanmar...